UK Party Vote Shares 1920--2020

Expressive voting with booing and cheering: Evidence from Britain

European Journal of Political Economys Expressive Voting research typically emphasizes what voters support. This paper expands the scope to account for voter opposition or ‘booing.’ Analyzing UK election data, we observe a rising trend in this behavior, discussing its role in recent political polarization shifts.

March 2021 · Javier Rivas, James Rockey
Platform Rigidity

Negative Voters: Electoral Competition With Loss Aversion

Economic Journal Examining voter loss aversion’s effect on electoral dynamics, this paper finds that platform loss-aversion leads to rigidity, while valence loss-aversion increases polarization. Using US House elections data, we observe incumbents adjust less than challengers to voter shifts

November 2020 · Ben Lockwood, James Rockey